Highlighted
Cases:
Case-1: A
Study on Cloud Database
Case-2:
Managing IT Operations in a Cloud-driven Enterprise (Selected)
INTRODUCTION
In
the current technology based globalized world, organizations structures,
operations and management are being changed according to the change of
technology. The high competition in business world has intensified the need of
proper management and use of their data and information. The organization which
is highly capable in information in managing information technology is highly
successful in competition. To manage the information, the organizations has
introduced Information Technology (IT) department to ensure proper
management and application of the related data and information. Previously, the
IT departments within organizations have used traditional database systems. By
the passes of time, the traditional database system has been replaced by the
cloud database concept. The reason behind it is that the traditional database
system is unable to ensure proper management of highly increasing huge bulk of
data within the organizations whereas the cloud database system is highly
effective and efficient to ensure proper management of data and information. In
this report, a literature review has been detailed based on “Impact of cloud computing on IT departments”.
LITERATURE
REVIEW
Literature review is the stage
of a research work where standards though collected from different previous
works regarding an issue which is highlighted to evaluate in the current piece
of work. For preparing the current literature review, two case studies, first
case named “A study on cloud database” has been provided academically and
second one “Managing IT Operations in a Cloud-driven Enterprise” collected
personally, is used. As the report preparation is instructed to follow PROMT,
additional information is also included in it.
ADDITIONAL SECTION
Information
about database
In the traditional filing
system an organization has to face different problems like lack of
centralization, difficulty to access, wastage of paper and time and ease of
duplication. To remove the problems, database systems is used which is
organized electric mechanism for storing, managing and retrieving information (Beynon-Davies, 2004). It’s traditional in-house database system but
has lost its appeal to cope with the changing necessity of the information
management. For ensuring the effective and efficient data and information
management, organizations are rushing through the cloud database systems.
Cloud
computing
The development of concept of
cloud computing can be traced in 1950s when large scale mainframe computers
became available in academia and corporations. The modern day cloud computing
characteristics can be explored mostly in the book of Douglas Parkils named “Challenge
of the Computer Utility, 1966” (Lavington, 1998)
The
application of traditional supercomputing and high performance computing power
which are used in military and research facility to perform tens of trillions
computations per second in the customer oriented applications (Oestreich, 2010)
like financial portfolios to deliver personalized information, to provide data
storage or to power large, immersive computer games is the main aim of cloud
computing (Sullivan, 2014).
SECTION-1
Analysis
of cloud computing models
In the current world, the data
management problems have been raised in case of exponential growth of internet,
multiplication of data and explosion of data sources. The traditional and
relational database management system is not capable to support this hyper
growing trend of data. To solve the problem the large companies and communities
has been forced to use new database management tool NoSQL or “Key-Value-Store”
system by escaping from traditional data management system as this has ensured
the sharing of a common goal of massive scale “On Demand” and simplified
application development. Based on the
database management tool the cloud database management system has been
developed which is the newest concept data management to support the
exponential growth and higher of multiple semi-structured data of community and
corporations.
Cloud computing is the internet
based computing or data management system which helps data sharing without
having any local server or personal application handling devices. In this
system different systems like server, storage and applications are supported
through internet to an organization an organization computer. Cloud computing
system is such a database management system where users enjoy the full
availability and access with being blocked. It makes the database management
system free from dependence on number of users, size and any added computing
/communication constraint as well as burden of taking back up. By the use of
cloud computing system the majority of headache for data management within an
organization is transferred to the outside cloud service provider.
The networks of large group of servers
typically running low-cost consumer PC technology in clouding specialized
connection to spread data processing chores across them is used by cloud
computing. The IT infrastructure contains large pools of systems which are
connected together are shared by the cloud computing system and virtualization
techniques to maximise the power of cloud computing are used in cloud computing
system.
There are different models of
cloud computing with different characteristics like PNUTS, CouchDB, Big Table,
Voldermort, HBase, MongoDb, Hypertable, Infinispan, Azure, Doynomite, Redis,
Xeroundm ClearDB, SimpleDB, GoodgeApp Engine Data Store and Bynamo. These
databases can be dived into two segments according to the elasticity level of
them. The first type of cloud database systems do not require any downtime for
adding a new node in a cluster but the second type of cloud database systems require observable downtime for adding a new
node in a cluster. PNUTS, SimpleDB and Big Table are proprietary cloud database system whereas CouchDB,
Voldermort, HBase, MongoDb, Hypertable, Infinispan, Azure, Doynomite, Redis,
Xeroundm ClearDB, GoodgeApp Engine Data Store and Dynamo are open source cloud
database
Cassandra and HBase are made based on Big Table
systems where updating systems follows sequential I/O where records are never
overwritten. In this system the sequential writing is optimized but reading is de-optimized.
Dynomite provides integrate storage and distribution system to ensure
scalability and advantage. Cassandra allows client to specify on a per-call
basis whether the write is durably persisted. Dynamo, Voldemort and Cassandra
use eventual consistency to balance replication and availability. On the other
hand, in PNUTS model based database system updating systems follows random I/O
where records are overwritten. But this is not as faster as Big Table database
models like Cassandra and HBase. Infinispan database system is Java based open
source data grid platform that provides extreme scalability and availability through
mufti-processor, multi-core architectures and distributed cache capabilities.
Redis is open source advanced database system that contains strings, hashes,
lists, sets and sorted seats where MongoDB is a schema fee, document oriented
highly scalable and fault tolerable database system. Amazon SimpleDB and
Microsoft Azure are hosted cloud serving stores providing transactional functions
not found in other serving stores. BigTable, Hypertable and Google App Engine
are GFS compatible database product while PNUTS is Yahoo! Product.
In the recent time the open
sources database software are threatening the business of the power of data industry
HP and IBM. They are creating public data centre model through ensuring maximum
use if resource and power.
SECTION-2
IT
departments
There are different departments
within an organization to carry out the operations of the organization. In a
business the tree main departments are finance management and marketing. In the
recent time a more important department has been required by the organization
for the proper operation of organization functions which is Information
Technology (IT) department. The department which provides technological and
information management support to an organization, it will be called as the IT
department of the organization. Within an IT department different IT applications
are used to support payroll, travel and expense reimbursement, customer
relationship and supply chain management customer. The applications are
decomposed in three: front-end tires, business-logic tier and a back-end tire.
The applications used by the organization are internal and external
applications. Internal IT Applications (Example SCM Oracle Apps, CRM Oracle
Apps, ERP SAP etc.) and Cloud Applications (Private/Public/Hybrid): Example
Google Apps, Amazon EC2 and Salesforce.com etc.
Relation
between cloud computing and IT department
In an IT department within an
organization different database is used. The enterprises use the internal and
traditional database for storing, sharing and managing data has to face
different problems as the business is more and more expending, to store the
data the organization are being technology reliant and the traditional database
management system is inefficient and complex.
To support the exponentially growing data, the IT department of an
organization requires huge data storage and data management capacity including
high scalability and flexibility. But traditional database cannot support the
firstly growing necessity. On the other hand, to manage huge in-house database
requires high costs as it requires highly paid and highly costing
infrastructure. This is why the IT department becomes dependant for information
management on an outside professional database management organization which is
called as the cloud computing. In it believed that the IT departments of an
organization are being migrated to the cloud platforms. So, day by day, the
more the IT department of organizations are being reliant on cloud database,
the more the cloud platforms are becoming a major part of organizational IT
department. In current technology based
global world, for large organizations cloud computing is being fundamental part
or heart of their IT departments.
Factors
to be considered for migrating IT department to Cloud environment
To have the cloud services, IT
department of an organization should be migrated to the cloud platform. This
will provide various advantages to the organization and it will remove the
inefficiencies of traditional database management process of the organization.
But before migration of IT department of an organization to the cloud platform,
the organization should consider some crucial issues like: security capacity of
the application, regulations, community protocol, resource provision,
application, application complexity level and processing requirement and memory
lock.
Migration
process of IT department to cloud environment
The migration of organizational
IT department to a cloud environment, an organization will go through a
well-organized process. For example: The process of migration of an IT System
to MICROSOFT SAAS Cloud contains the sequential activities: conducting
technical preplanning and current system analysis, making employees fit with
the new system, deployment of active directory services, testing the process
and mail flow and moving all users mailbox to cloud.
Advantages
for adopting cloud service in IT department
By transforming IT department
to a cloud environment, the organizations enjoy different data management and
database management advantages. The major advantages generated from
transforming IT department of an organization to a cloud platform are like: it
simples the IT infrastructures, reduces IT cost and enhances IT capabilities,
reduce IT admin tasks, strengthen security and reliability of data and system,
flexible mobile access, easy integration, ongoing upgrades, high speed of data
processing, helps to focus on core business, helps to make focus on core
business and dynamic workload allocation, system agility, proper utilization of
human resources, helps enhance scalability, customization, lower barrier to
entry and efficient disaster recovery.
Challenges
for adopting cloud service in IT department
Some challenges arise for the
organization when an organization is making migration of their IT department to
a cloud platform. Challenges are like lower data security level, latency,
bandwidth cost, loss of control, service level agreement for downtime,
difficulty in application migration, problems for distance of server, high
reliance on internet and its performance and maximum reliance on outsider for valuable data management.
CONCLUSION
Current technology based
business world is highly dependent on the cloud computing to manage their
database effectively and efficiently. From the economic purpose, the
significance of cloud computing is highly important. To be sustained in the
global market an organization has to achieve maximum cost efficiencies. In this
case to reduce organizational operation cost, the organizations are helped by
the cloud computing through transforming IT department of an organization to
cloud service providers as it helps to reduce infrastructural, maintenance and
expertise cost of database management in an IT department. On the other hand,
the system efficiency helps to ensure the business performance based on which
the organizations can achieve additional performance and efficiencies. So,
cloud computing is a concept which is migrating the IT department of modern
organizations to outside platforms which ensured the organizational IT
efficiencies and performance.
REFERENCE
1. Beynon-Davies, P. (2004). Database Systems.
3rd Edition. Palgrave, Houndmills: Basingstoke.
2.
Connolly, T., and Carolyn
Begg , (2002). Database Systems. New York: Harlow.
3. Lavington,
S., (1998). A History of Manchester Computers (2nd ed.). London: The
British Computer Society.
4. Oestreich,
K., (2010). "Converged Infrastructure". CTO Forum.
Thectoforum.com. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
5.
Sullivan, D., (2014). "Cost
of the Cloud: A Developer's Guide to Reducing Your AWS Bill". PragTech
Publishing.
No comments:
Post a Comment